Through his company, Harden-Offroad, Scot spent three days teaching a our class of six the skills of navigation, jumping, braking, turning and other riding skills. Bike set up, for me, was the most important aspect of the class. I ride a KTM 950 Adventure with a stock set up except for a stiffer rear sag setting to suit my weight. My front forks proved to be too soft; the bike wanted to dive and this put the rear tire in the air too much. It also made it hard to hold a good line through a turn since the bike tends to dive on braking and lift too much on throttle. Scot's front spring is stiffer (a 5.1 Honda spring I recall in place of the 4.8 stock spring) and the forks are revalved.

The real difference though, is in the way his bike is set up for a standing riding position. It was very comfortable to ride standing, with no weight on the wrists or shoulders. I would have to have slightly higher bar risers to bring the bars up just a bit more. The bars were straighter too, without the turn back that is made to accomodate seated riders. Of course it also had knobbies in contrast to my stock tires, which helped turning, braking, and climbing.

My stock tires weren't bad though. I did all the climbing and sand washes and power turns on them and felt comfortable. That is relative, of course, as 70mph down a deep sandy road without knobbies on a very big bike is a challenge and a charge. The only time I fell over was when a rock tore off the side stand switch and killed the engine on a steep, rocky uphill climb. Take it off and solder the wires that lead into the switch.

Riding with Scot was like riding with Malcolm Smith. I have followed both over trail at high speed and to watch them flow over the trail is beautiful. Pure lines and smooth, effortless grace. I call that image to mind when I ride.

Darwin and Fitness

In developing this idea, I take the Darwinian approach that has been so successful in the new fields of evolutionary psychology and medicine and apply it to physical fitness. But, I integrate a Darwinian perspective with the theory of chaos and complex systems. A deeper look at the evolutionary record, the new revelations in the biological sciences, my scientific work in complex systems, and my own personal experience as a life-long student of fitness tell me that the right model for understanding health and fitness must combine insights from evolution and chaos.

Non Linear Systems

When the body is viewed as a complex adaptive system exploiting evolved mechanisms, it becomes clear that conventional thinking about diets and obesity is wrong. The human organism is an open energy system, operating far from equilibrium. Diet and exercise programs that are mired in linear thinking (calories in/calories out) are inappropriate for understanding human energy metabolism. These models oversimplify the diet and fail to consider the non-linearities in human metabolism.

Ancestral Dynamic Patterns

Intermittent, intense, and playful exercise mimics the activity patterns that were essential to the emergence and evolution of the human species. High intensity, intermittent and brief training mixed with power walking and play is closer than aerobic exercise, high volume weight training, or sedentism to how our ancestors lived. We are hunter-gatherers and have been for all of human and pre-human history. Only 15,000 years have passed since the last Ice Age, not long enough for bodies suited for the sedentary modern age to have evolved. If such bodies ever do evolve they cannot have our minds, for the human mind evolved to live in a brain adapted to an energetic, versatile and dynamic body.

Metabolic Fitness from Chaos

The primary objectives for any exercise and diet program must be to counter hyperinsulinemia (chronically elevated insulin) and hypoexertion (wasting the body's lean mass through inactivity)---these are the number one health risks in Western society. A natural diet, based on the evolutionary record effectively counters hyperinsulinemia. Intermittent, intense exercise in brief spurts promotes hormone drives that quench hyperinsulinemia and build muscle and bone density that keep you young and lean. These alterations in hormone levels and flux elevate your metabolic fitness.

In the book, I shall present new technology for exercise --- power law training --- that produces the hormone drives and metabolism that raises insulin sensitivity and lowers fat producing and muscle wasting hormones. The intermittent pattern of power law training is, in reality, as ancient as life itself. Power law training is the technology consistent with the intermittent and chaotic natural dynamics that science finds in all living things; it matches the rhythm of life itself and is found in the movements of wild animals, healthy heart beats, neuronal dynamics in the brain, and the music of Bach.

The Evolutionary Fitness Diet

The Evolutionary Fitness Diet is simple and nutritious. You eat nutritionly dense foods, that are low in calories and high in fiber and antioxidants. It will end your carbohydrate cravings and raise your energy level which is depleted by the blood sugar/insulin rebound and high serotonin levels promoted by high calorie foods. The diet is high in natural plant fiber, phenols, flavonoids, and phytochemicals, nature's own cancer-fighting and antioxidant compounds that coevolved with human beings and were always an important part of the hominid diet before the agricultural and industrial revolutions.

The Evolutionary Diet is more than a diet, it is a program that integrates physical activity, food variety, and timing of meals to promote the growth and retention of lean muscle mass and shed fat. According to the research and my own experience, the sophisticated eating patterns of the Evolutionary Fitness Diet provide the anti-aging benefits of severe calorie-restricted diets without the costs.

Mind-Body Integration

Our brains and bodies are dynamic objects that thrive on challenge and movement; intermittent intensity brings key adaptations in hormone drives, neurological function, and body composition. The mixture of variety, intermittent intensity, and play of the Evolutionary Fitness program bind perception and kinesthetics to create a dynamic and positive self image which is the reference point on which our knowledge and living are organized. Movement and play build muscle and cognitive maps in the brain and repair the mind/body continuum.

The Big Idea

Your brain and body are evolved for life in 40,000 BC; take care of the hunter gatherer body and mind that you carry in that pin-striped suit.

Outline of the Project

Figuring out how our ancestors lived occupies the first part of the project. Understanding what these ancestral living patterns mean in terms of body/mind processes is the challenge I tackle in the second part of the project. The disease that results from adaptations to modern living patterns is the puzzle I investigate in the third part of the project. Learning to live and eat like it is 40,000 BC while living in this modern world and enjoying what it has to offer is the challenge I take up in the last part of the project.

The Author

I am not a "trainer to the stars", a reformed overeater, or a recovered food addict (the most common types of authors in this genre), but I am a scientist and athlete and a successful example of what I preach. At 67 years of age, I look like a Cro-Magnon ancestor from the Paleolithic: 6' 1", 208 pounds with a dense and athletic musculature and less than 8% body fat. I look no different from this three year old picture, except that I am stronger now.

Here are the parameters of my recent physical at the age of 65: blood pressure 111/72; pulse 58. My low density cholesterol (ldl) is 118 (below the recommendation not to exceed 130). My high density cholesterol (hdl, the good cholesterol) is 87, far above the suggested 45 or more. Together, these indicate zero cardiovascular risk. My glucose tolerance is excellent, but it is possible to be glucose tolerant and still be insulin resistant. So, I prefer to test for blood insulin, the lower the better. My blood insulin is almost unmeasurable at 3.4 relative to the ``normal'' range of 6 to 27. Insulin is the aging hormone in all species; my low insulin is one of the many factors that slow my rate of aging.

Based on body composition, strength, flexibility, reaction time, and blood profile, a research institute rated my biological age at 32 a few years ago. I don't take this seriously, but it is consistent with how I feel. My body composition and hormonal profile are not so remarkable when you understand that what we call aging in this modern world really is the accumulated damage of inactivity and dietary abuse. Hunter gatherers don't age like Westerners do because they retain their metabolic fitness.

"A heretical and wise perspective on the economics and consumer patterns of Hollywood. Provocative and eye opening for its depth and intelligent analysis." Thom Mount, Producer and former Universal Studios President.

"This book provides dramatic evidence that, in comparison with the film industry, normally uncertain markets are virtually sure things. Not even popular stars or large first-week audiences are valid predictors of a film's future success. The volume demonstrates what sophisticated analysis can and cannot reveal about an industry in which "no one knows anything." It will be extremely valuable to anyone with an intellectual, financial or other interest in the market for popular films and for anyone concerned with analysis of subjects characterized by extreme uncertainty. Nonspecialists should not be daunted by the demanding technical analysis for there is plenty that will readily be understandable and fascinating to any intelligent reader." William J. Baumol, Professor of Economics, New York University & Senior Research Economist at Princeton University, USA.

With this book, the agnostic mantra of the motion picture industry "nobody knows anything" finally looses its legs. Somebody does know something, and it's Art DeVany. When the history of motion picture industry thought is written, this author and this book will have its unique place and special recognition in that story. The DeSantis Center for Motion Picture Industry Studies, my wife Carol and I are proud to have awarded this cutting-edge scholar the 2001 "Carol and Bruce Mallen Prize for Published Scholarly Contributions to Motion Picture Industry Studies." Bruce Mallen, Ph.D., Director, The DeSantis Center, Dean, College of Business, Florida Atlantic University

"If you want an applied exposition of the "wild" type of uncertainty, this is the book. I know of no better text to understand kurtosis, the contribution of the very small to the very large, and the dynamics of rare events. The value of this book lies way beyond the film industry. In addition it is written with great clarity and does not use anything beyond intuitive mathematics." Nassim Nicholas Taleb, PhD, Empirica LLC. Bestselling author of Fooled by Randomness, (Texere, 2001).

"The breakthrough work of De Vany that is represented in this book is both thoughtful and thorough, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the statistical dynamics and economic structure of the movie business in a way that has never been done before. Hollywood's business practices and contractual relationships, often characterized as being bizarre and chaotic, are placed in a theoretical framework that makes them all appear quite rational and workable in the context of an economically-driven system. Even if readers do not fully grasp all of the mathematical details, industry executives, analysts, and students are likely to benefit greatly from this book and cannot claim to know the business of Hollywood and its economics until they've been exposed to this material." Harold L. Vogel, author of Entertainment Industry Economics, (CUP, 2001).

"Arthur De Vany has revolutionized the way in which Hollywood can be thought about. He has brought a rigour to the study of film that simply cannot be ignored, even where the reader does not always agree with his conclusions. These articles are essential reading for anyone wanting to understand the manner in which Hollywood works." John Sedgwick, Principal Research Fellow in Economics, London Metropolitan University, UK.

"Screenwriter William Goldman is famous for having said that "nobody knows anything" about the economics of the entertainment industries. His claim is now proved wrong for the movie industry. Arthur De Vany book makes it transparent. Even those who are not very familiar with the sophisticated statistical and econometric tools that he uses will understand the arguments, which are explained with great clarity and lucidity. De Vany's book will soon be among the very few classics on the entertainment industries." Victor Ginsburgh, Professor of Economics at Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.